篇一：《背影》研究述评
中国优秀散文英译
第一部分 汉译英 1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone) 2. 匆匆(Rush) 3. 冬夜(Winter Night) 4. 互助(Helping Each Other) 5. 黄昏(Dusk) 6. 盼头(Something to Lookl Forward to) 7. 媲美(Beauty) 8. 枪口(The Muzzles) 9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna) 10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College) 12. 野草(Wild Grass) 13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree) 14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15. 落花生(The Peanut) 16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor) 17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”) 18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling) 21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond) 22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong) 23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies) 24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot) 25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling) 26. 我若为王(If I Be King) 27. 西式幽默(Western Humour) 28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan) 29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story about a ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed) 30. 珍禽血雉(China„s Native Pheasant) 31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins) 32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City) 34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun) 35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You) 37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you) 38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon) 40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity) 42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream)
43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.
运动员的情操(Sportsmen„s Values) 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China„s Fairyland) 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime) 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes) 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer) 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning) 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan) 撷自那片芳洲的清供(An Offering from his Sweet homeland) 三峡多奇景 妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured ) 初中国旅游可到哪些地方(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)
丑石 贾平凹 我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑 石呢：它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的 模样；
谁也不知道是什么时候留在这 里的.谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时 节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说：
这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬 走吧。
于是，伯父家盖房，想以它垒山 墙，但苦于它极不规则，没棱角儿， 也没平面儿；用赘破开吧，又懒得花 那么大气力，因为河滩并不甚远.随 便去掬一块回来，哪一块也比它强。
房盖起来，压铺台阶，伯父也没有看 上它。有一年，来了一个石匠，为我 家洗一台石磨，奶奶又说：用这块五 石吧， 省得从远处搬动。
石匠看了看， 摇着头，嫌它石质太细，也不采用。
它不像汉白玉那样的细腻， 可以 凿下刻字雕花， 也不像大青石那样的 光滑，可以供来院纱捶布;它静静地 卧在那里，院边的槐荫没有庇孤它， 花儿也不再在它身边生长。
荒草便繁 衍出来，枝蔓上下，慢慢地，竟锈上 了绿苔、黑斑。我们这些做孩子的， 也讨庆起它来，曾合伙要搬走它，但 力气又不足；
虽时时咒骂它， 嫌弃它， 也无可奈何，只好任它留在那里去 了。
稍稍能安慰我们的， 是在那石上
An Ugly Stone Jia Pingwa I used to feel sorry for that ugly black piece of stone lying like an ox in front of our door; none knew when it was left there and none paid any attention to it, except at the time when wheat was harvested and my grandma, seeing the grains of wheat spread all over the ground in the front yard of the house, would grumble: "This ugly stone takes so much space. Move it away someday. " Thus my uncle had wanted to use it for the gable when he was building a house, but he was troubled to find it of very irregular shape, with no edges nor corners, nor a flat plane on it. And he wouldn't bother to break it in half with a chisel because the river bank was nearby, where he could have easily fetched a much better stone instead. Even when my uncle was busy with the flight of steps leading to the new house he didn't take a fancy to the ugly stone. One year when a mason came by, we asked him to snake us a stone mill with it. As my grandma put it: "Why net take this one, so you worst have to fetch one from afar." But the arson took a look and shook his head; he wouldn't take it for it was of too fine a quality. It was not like a fine piece of white marble on which words or flowers could be carved, nor like a smooth big bluish stone people used to wash their clothes on. The stone just lay there in silence, enjoying no shading front the pagoda trees by the yard, nor flowers growing around it. As a result weeds multiplied and stretched ail over it, their stems and tendrils gradually covered with dark green spots of moss. We children began to dislike the stone too, and would have taken it away if we had been
有一个不大不小的坑凹儿， 雨天就盛 满了水。常常雨过三天了.地上已经 于燥，那石凹里水儿还有，鸡儿便去 那里渴饮。每每到了十五的夜晚，我 们盼着满月出来，就爬到其上，翘望 天边；奶奶总是要骂的，害怕我们摔 下来。果然那一次就摔了下来，磕破 了我的膝盖呢。
人都骂它是丑石， 它真是丑得不 能再丑的丑石了。
终有一日， 村子里来了一个天文 学家。他在我家门前路过，突然发现 了这块石头，眼光立即就拉直了。他 再没有走去，就住了下来；以后又来 了好些人，说这是一块陨石，从天上 落下来己经有二三百年了， 是一件了 不起的东西。不久便来了车，小心翼 翼地将它运走了。
这使我们都很惊奇!这又怪又丑 的石头， 原来是天上的呢！ 它补过天， 在天上发过热，闪过光，我们的先祖 或许仰望过它，它给了他们光明、向 往、憧憬:而它落下来了，在污土里， 荒草里，一躺就是几百年了?! 奶奶说: “真看不出:它那么不 一般，却怎么连墙也垒不成，台阶也 垒不成呢?” “它是太丑了。”天文学家说。
“真的，是太丑了。” “可这正是它的美!”天文学家 说，“它是以丑为美的。” “以丑为美?” “是的，丑到极处，便是美到极 处。正因为它不是一般的顽石，当然 不能去做墙，做台阶，不能去雕刻， 捶布。它不是做这些小玩意儿的，所 以常常就遭到一般世俗的讥讽。” 奶奶脸红了，孔也脸红了。
我感到自己的可耻， 也感到了丑 石的伟大；
我甚至怨恨它这么多年竟 会默默地忍受着这一切， 而找又立即 深深地感到它那种不属于误解、 寂寞 的生存的伟大。
strong enough; all we could do for the present was to leave it alone, despite our disgust or even curses. The only thing that had interested us in the ugly stone was a little pit on top of it, which was filled with water on rainy days. Three days after a rainfall, usually, when the ground had become dry, there was still water in the pit, where chickens went to drink. And every month when it came to the evening of the 15th of lunar calendar, we would climb onto the stone, looking up at the sky, hoping to see the full moon come out from far away. And Granny would give us a scolding, afraid lest we should fall down--and sure enough, I fell down once to have my knee broken. So everybody condemned the stone: an ugly stone, as ugly as it could be. Then one day an astronomer came to the village. He looked the stone square in the eye the moment he came across it. He didn't take his leave but decided to stay in our village. Quite a number of people came afterwards, saying the stone was a piece of aerolite which had fallen down from the sky two or three hundred years ago-what a wonder indeed! Pretty soon a truck carne, and carried it away carefully. It gave us a great surprise! We had never expected that such a strange and ugly stone should have come from the sky! So it had once mended the sky, given out its heat and light there, and our ancestors should have looked up at it. It hard given them light, brought there hopes and expectations, and then it had fallen down to the earth, in the mud and among the weeds, lying there for hundreds of years! My grandma said: "I never expected it should be so great! But why can't people build a wall or pave steps with it?" "It's too ugly, the astronomer said. "Sure, it's really so ugly.” "But that's just where its beauty lies! " the astronomer said, "its beauty comes from its ugliness. " "Beauty from ugliness?" "Yes. When something becomes the ugliest, it turns out the most beautiful indeed. The stone is not an ordinary piece of insensate stone, it shouldn't be used to build a wall or pave the steps, to carve words or flowers or to wash clothes on. It's not the material for those petty common things, and no wonder it's ridiculed often by people with petty common views.
My grandma became blushed, and so did l. I feel shame while I feel the greatness of the ugly stone; I have even complained about it having pocketed silently all it had experienced for so many years, but again I am struck by the greatness that lies in its lonely unyielding existence of being misunderstood by people.
匆匆 朱自清 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳 枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有 再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉 我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返 呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是 谁 ? 又藏在何处呢 ? 是他们自己逃走 了罢；现在又到了哪里呢? 我不知道他们咨给了我多少日 子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在 默默里算着， 八千多日子已经从我手 中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海 里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有 声音，也没有影子。我不禁头渗鸿而 泪潜潜了。
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着， 去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢?早上 我起来的时候， 小屋里射进两三方斜 斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄 地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于 是—洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过 去；
吃饭的时候， 日子从饭碗里过去; 默默时，便从凝然的双跟前过去。我 觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时， 他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时， 我躺在床上， 他便伶伶俐俐地从我身 上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开 眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。
我掩着面叹息。
但是新来的日子的影 儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
在逃去如飞的日子里， 在千门万 户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有 徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；公在八千 多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什 么呢?过去的口子如轻烟被微风吹散 了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了：我留着
Rush Zhu Ziqing Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? -If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could ire hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment? I do not know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me .Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes. Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush? When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small mom in two or three oblongs. The sun has feet, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution. 'Thus,--the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my daydreaming gaze as I reflect in silence. I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but be keeps flowing past my withholding hands. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way. The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has gone. I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh. What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush.
些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样 的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转 眼间也将赤裸裸的回去罢?但不能平 的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊? 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子 为什么一去不复返呢? 1922.3. 28
What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a fight wind, or evaporated as mist by the left behind any gossamer morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I eve left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to this world, stark nakedness; am I to go hack, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should 1 have made such a trip for nothing! You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? March 28, 1922 Winter Night Ai Wu It was a cold winter night. The street was deserted. I stood alone under a tree with an entanglement of bare branches overhead, waiting for the last bus to arrive. A few paces off in the darkness there was a shadowy figure squatting against the wall, but tie turned out to be a tramp. The street was lined with fine houses, their illuminated windows beaming quietly towards the dark blue sky. It was icy cold with a gust of strong wired howling around. A couple of withered leaves, still clinging to the branches, rustled mournfully from time to tithe. The shadowy figure, taking a copper coin from me with thanks, straightened up to attempt a conversation with me. "It's really cold here," he complained. "It couldn't be colder anywhere else ....What do you think, sir?" Seeing that he was not too nasty an old man, I readily responded: "It must he colder in the country, I'm afraid.” "No, no," he disagreed and began to cough, his words stuck up in his throat. "Why?" I asked. "In the country when it frosts, you always find the roofs and the fields turning white in the morning, but you don't see that here on the streets.” He patted his chest to ease off his coughing and went on excitedly: "True, true... it's cold in the country, but when you get into somebody's straw stack, you are warm again at once.... But this street, humm, what a terrible place! In the mountains, it's even colder, but when they have a fire in the house with the whole family sitting around it, wow, it's heaven!" Then he began to relate to me the adventures of his
冬夜 艾芜 冬天一个冰寒的晚上。
在寂宽的 马路旁边，疏枝交横的树下，候着最 后一辆搭客汽车的，只我一人。虽然 不远的墙边，也蹲有一团黑影，但他 却是伸手讨钱的。马路两旁，远远近 近都立着灯窗明灿的别墅， 向暗蓝的 天空静静地微笑着。
在马路仁是冷冰 冰的，还刮着一阵阵猛厉的风。留在 枝头的一两片枯叶， 也不时发出破碎 的哭声。
那蹲着的黑影， 接了我的一枚铜 板，就高兴地站起来向我搭话，一面 抱怨着天气：
“真冷呀，再没有比这 里更冷了！„„先生，你说是不是?” 看见他并不是个讨厌的老头子， 便也高兴地说道：
“乡下怕更要冷些 吧?” “不，不。
”他接着咳嗽起来， 要吐出的话，塞在喉管里了。
我说：
“为什么?你看见一下霜， 乡下的房屋和田野， 便在早上白了起 来，街上却一点也看不见。
” 他捶了几下胸口之后， 兴奋地接 着说道：
“是的，是的„„乡下冷， 你往人家门前的稻草堆上一钻就暖 了哪„„这街上，哼，鬼地方！„„ 还有那些山里呵， 比乡下更冷哩， 咳， 那才好哪！火烧一大堆，大大小小一 家人，闹热呀！„„” 接着他便说到壮年之日， 在南方
那些山中冬夜走路的事情。
一个人的 漂泊生活，我是喜欢打听的，同时车 又没有驰来.便怂思他说了下去。他 说晚上在那些山里， 只要你是一个正 派的人，就可以朝灯火人家一直走 去，迎着犬声，敞开树阴下的柴门， 大胆地闯进。对着火堆周围的人们， 不管他男的女的，用 两手向他们两肩头一分， 就把你带着 风寒露湿的身子，轻轻地放了进去。
烧山芋和热茶的香味， 便一下子扑人 你的鼻子。抬头看，四周闪着微笑的 眼睛，欢迎着，毫没有怪你唐突的神 情。你刚开口说由哪儿来的时候，一 杯很热的浓茶，就递在你的下巴边 上。老太婆盼咐她的孙女，快把火拨 大些，多添点子柴，说是客人要烘吸 他的身子；你暖和了，还不觉得疲倦 的话，你可以摸摸小孩子的下巴，拧 拧他们的脸蛋，做一点奇怪的样子， 给他们嬉笑。
年轻的妈妈， 一高兴了， 便会怂恿他的孩子把拿着要吃的烧 山芋，分开一半，放在你这位客人的 手上。如果你要在他们家过夜，他们 的招待，就更来得殷勤些。倘若歇一 会，暖 暖身子，还要朝前赶路，一出柴门， 还可听见一片欢送的声音：
“转来时， 请来玩呀!”老头子讲着讲着，给冷 风一吹，便又咳嗽起来，我听得冷都 忘记了， 突然老头子忘形地拉着我问 道：
“先生，这到底是什么原因 哪?„„这里的人家，火堆一定烧得 多的， 看窗子多么亮哪„„他们为什 么不准一个异乡人进去烤烤手哩?” 搭客汽车从远处轰轰地驰来了， 我赶忙摆他的手，高声说道：
“因为他们是文明的人， 不像那 些山里的„„” 再跳进通明的汽车里， 蓦地离开 他了。但远的南国山中，小小的灯火 人家里面，那些丰美的醉人的温暖， 却留在我的冬夜的胸中了。
younger days-travelling alone in winter nights through the mountains in the south. As I was interested in stories about wanderers and since the bus had not arrived yet, I encouraged him to go on. "When you end up in the mountains at night," he said, "and if you are a decent person, you can always turn to the place where there is a light flickering and a dog harking. You push open the bramble gate under the shade and walk in without hesitation. Part the people, men or women, around the fire with your hands and you bring yourself -- a cold and wet man with dew-among them. Immediately your nose is filled with the aroma of hot tea and roast sweet potatoes. When you look round you see friendly faces smiling at you; there is no hint of anything like blame for what elsewhere might be considered as brusqueness. Scarcely have you begun to tell them where you come from when a cup of hot and strong tea is handed over to you. Grandma will tell her granddaughter to feed the fire with more wood, saying that the guest needs more beat to warm up. When you are recovered from cold and fatigue, you tend to tease the baby, stroking his chin, giving a gentle pinch to his cheek or making a face to provoke him to gurgle. He delighted young mother will encourage her baby to share his sweet potato with you. The baby will then break it in two and thrust one half into your hand. If you intend to stay overnight, you will be entertained with all possible hospitality. If you've just dropped in to warm up and then go on your way, they will see you off at the gate, saying 'Please do drop in on us again on your way back, ' " In the middle of his babbling another gust of wind brushed by and the old man began to cough again. I was so intrigued by his story that I did not feel the cold any more. Suddenly he grabbed my hand, forgetting that we were strangers, and asked: "Sir, could you tell me why the people here even do not allow a countryman in to warm his hands? They must've got bigger fires in their houses- Look at their bright windows. . . " The bus came rumbling up. Withdrawing my hand from his, I answered at the top of my voice "Because they are more civilized than the mountain people. . . " With that I jumped onto the brightly-lit bus which started moving on, leaving the old man behind. But the
little houses with flickering oil lamps in the remote mountains and the intoxicating warmth and friendliness of their inhabitants left a deep impress on my memory. 互助 王蒙 L 君跻身文坛，盖有年矣，但总 是红不起来，颇感寂寞。于是，他找 到了各种关系， 以盛宴重礼把著名的 评论家 J 君招待了一次。J 君有感于 其情之盛，慨然允诺说：
“现在他们 对你太冷落了，就是不公平!我一定 要写一篇推荐你的作品的文章， 登到 大报上，你的作品的优点是„„” L 君不等 I 君说完，慌忙摆手摇 头，他说：
“千万不必!千万不必!我 只乞求您写一篇义正词严的文章把 我批一个狗血淋头！积数十年之经 验，我深知凡被您批了的，都可以风 行全国，名震环球!而您也可以获得 另一方面的美誉和利益， 那才叫相反 相成，相得益彰!” Helping Each Other Wang Meng Mr. L. had been a member of the literary circles for years without attracting any public attention. He felt rather deserted, and so he managed through various personal connections to invite Mr. J., a famous literary critic, to an elaborate dinner besides presenting him with expensive gifts. Mr. J. was quite moved by Mr. L.‟s hospitality and promised right away, "It's not fair that you have been so ignored! I must write an article for a key newspaper to recommend your works. The merits of your works are... Mr. L. hastily cut in, shaking his head and waving his hands," No! No! I only beg you to write a very severe criticism against me. From my years of experience, I have come to the conclusion that all articles you criticize mill become popular not only in our country but also in the world. Meanwhile, you gain greater fame and interests through your criticism. Ibis is indeed `extremes meet' and hill only end up with mutual help and benefit!" Dusk Mao Dun The sea is deep blue, and cannot be called smooth, for countless rows of small breakers are marching in parade-step as if following the shouted command, “One, two! One! "—towards the trumpet-shaped jetty. Crowded close together, they rush to the sandy beach-splash! The marching ranks scatter and burst into angry spray. The rows immediately behind follow suit. A few white seagulls flicker across the surface of the sea, quickly and lightly, wings skimming the waves which become, little by little, increasingly restive. The wind is trumpeting, a bugle calling to charge! Small breakers spring up, each breaker like a large eye casting out golden sparks. The whole sea is full of golden eyes, all leaping. Rumble-rumble… beneath the jetty a battle cry bursts forth. The sea's golden eyes fall into ranks, each rank pursued by the next, each angrier than the last and deepening to blood-red as they stretch to the golden line
黄昏 茅盾 侮是深蓝色的，说不上光滑；排 了队的小浪开正步走，数不清有多 少，喊着口令“一，二—— 一”似 的，朝喇叭口的海塘来了。挤到沙滩 边，噗澌! —— 队伍解散，喷着愤 怒的白沫。
然而后一排又赶着扑上来 了。
三只五只的白鸥轻轻地掠过， 翅 膀扑着波浪—一 一点一点躁怒起来 的波浪。
风在掌号。冲锋号!小波浪跳跃 着， 每一个像个大眼睛， 闪射着金光。
满海全是金眼睛， 全在跳跃二海塘下 空隆空隆地腾起了喊杀。
而这些海的跳跃着的金眼睛重 重叠叠一排接一排，一排怒似一排， 一排比一排浓溢着血色的赤， 连到天 边，成为缉金色的一抹。这上头，半
轮火红的夕阳! 半边天烧红了， 重甸甸地压在夕 阳的光头上。
愤怒地挣扎的夕阳似乎在说：
哦，哦!我已经尽今天的历史的 使命，我已经走完了今天的路程了! 现在，现在，是我的休息时间到了， 是我的死期到了!哦， 哦!却也是我的 新生期快开始了 ! 明天 . 从海的那一 头， 我将威武地升起来， 给你们光明， 给你们温暖，给你们快乐! 呼——呼—— 风带着永远不会死的太阳的宣 言到全世界。
高的喜马拉雅山的最高 峰，汪洋的太平洋，阴郁的古老的小 村落，银的白光冰凝了的都市—— 一切， 一切， 夕阳都喷上了一口血焰! 两点三点白鸥划破了渐变为褚 色的天空。
风带着夕阳的宣言去了。
像忽然融化了似的；
海的无数跳 跃着的金眼睛摊平为暗绿的大面孔。
远近有悲壮的茄声。
夜的黑幕沉重地将落未落。
不知到什么地方去过一次的风， 忽然又回来了。这回是打着鼓似的：
勃仑仑，勃仑仑!不，不单是风，有 雷！风挟着雷声! 海又动荡，波浪跳起来，轰!轰! 在夜的海上，大风雨来了!
of the horizon. There, above, lies the fiery half circle of the setting sun! Half the sky burns red, pressing heavily down upon the bald head of the sun. The indignantly struggling sun seems to be saying: "Ohl Oh! 1 have completed today's historic duty; I have finished today's journey! Now, now, my time to rest has come; my time to die is here. Oh! Oh l And yet, it is also my rebirth that will soon begin! Tomorrow, from the other end of the sea, 1 shall bravely hoist myself up, give you light, give you warmth, give you joy!" Whooo-huuu… The wind carries the declaration of the never-dying sun to all the world. The highest peaks of the Himalayas; the endless waters of the Pacific; small, old, gloomy villages; cities frozen by silver lights upon each and every one, the setting sun scatters its blood-red flames ! The sky, deepening to ochre, is broken by two or three seagulls. The wind that carried the declaration of the dying sun has As if suddenly melting, the countless leaping golden eyes smooth themselves down into a great, dull, green face. From near, then far, corms the solemn, trade sound of a flute. Night's black curtain will be heavily lowered, but has not yet completely fallen. The wind, having gone no-one-knows-where, suddenly returns, returns as a beating drum: Boom-lum-lum, Boom- lum-lum! Ho, not the wind alone, but thunder? The wind carries the voice of thunder! The sea roils again, waves surging high, crash! Crash! To the night-bound sea a storm has come! Something to Look Forward To Yang Hang Little children look forward to the arrival of lunar New Year, adults to that of spring. When a child I couldn't understand what the elders hoped for. But New Year's Day was always the greatest red-letter day of all the year, for it meant the nicest food as well as a lot of fun, which was really fascinating. As soon as the festival was over, another one was my dream and I wished time flew as fast as possible.
盼头 杨航 细娃盼过年， 大人盼开春。
儿时， 对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过 年， 对我来说， 可是一年的大盼头了。
过年，不但好玩，且有肉吃，那气氛 是迷人的：
年一过， 又盼日子快些流， 好流来又一个春节。
在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，转 服上了小学，继而初中，然后高中，
最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的 内容也越渐丰富了：盼有好成绩毕 业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成， 盼挣钱替父母分优，盼有一个好爱 人„„不知不觉， 天天踩着盼的石阶 而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个 挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人了。
生活开始变得复杂。然而，无论 自己是否变得庸俗，变得伟大，盼头 依然天天有：
盼信件， 盼稿件被采用， 盼发奖金，盼某事有满意结果，盼一 次聚会、 一次旅行„„人就在盼中找 到了依托。
没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想 象的。人，得天天有点什么盼头，生 活才不至于暗淡。有了盼头，会觉得 太阳每天都是新的。不管是望梅止 渴，还是画饼充饥，它都会激励你不 停手中的桨， 去追逐哪怕一星微小的 火光。
土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人 没有了盼，还剩什么?小盼头支撑人 的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生。
人，是绝不能没有盼头的。
Days spent in expectation come and go really very fast. Very soon I Finished primary school, went to junior and senior muddle school, and finally to college; with ever greater desire for more varied things: for graduation with honours, for an ideal job, for a successful career, for more earnings to share my parents' burden, for a satisfactory wife. . .. Climbing the upward steps of hope I had become a fully grown man before I was aware of it, a busy breadwinner with a family on my hands. Life began to show its various facets. Whether I have turned more vulgar or great, I have always something to look forward to. It may be arrival of a letter, publication of an article, the bonus-distributing day, a gratifying result of something, a get-together or a pleasure trip. . .Such expectations serve as a prop to a person's faith in life. A day without hope would be unimaginably pale. There must be something to look forward to each day to brighten one's life and keep it out of shadows. To a person cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. Even if it is a fantasy or an illusion, so long as it shows a ray of hope it still urges you on in pursuit of that little sparkle without letup. Deprived of moisture content, soil turns into desert. Deprived of hope, what is there left to a person? A small hope sustains a person for a day, a great one for a lifetime. Human beings cannot do without something to look forward to. Beauty Lin Qing Snowflakes are light, each having six tiny silver needles. Last night, they worked together to weave a well-fitted crystal outfit for the campus of S University. However, nothing is perfect, not even in a fairyland. 'Me young dragon cypress at the north wall of the Humanities Building was bent over at a 30 degree angle after the night‟s snowstorm. Several students carne from a distance, each carrying a camera. Among them was a girl in a black wool overcoat. She was a real beauty, her almond-shaped eyes like pools of clear water or bright stars in the sky. It was hard to tell which they resembled more, but she herself was certainly eye-catching! These members of the town's College Photographers
媲美 林青 一朵雪花的体态是轻盈的， 宛如六枚小银针，千针万线，给 S 大 学校园绣出了合身的水晶外套。但 是，正如童话世界也有缺陷一样，文 史楼北墙畔一株年轻的龙柏， 由于一 夜风摧雪压，已经倾侧成 30°斜角 了。
远处走来几个身背照相机的年 轻人二其中那位穿黑呢大衣的姑娘 真美，一双亮晶晶杏核儿大眼，似 湖？似星？谁也说不清， 只惹得路人 不时朝她张望。
这群市大学生摄影协 会会员准备捕捉大自然恩赐的美妙 镜头，心情舒畅地说笑着，渐渐地走
近这棵倾斜的龙柏。
“在文史楼前拍张雪景吧 !”一 个浑厚的男中音提议。
“不，这棵龙柏被风雪压斜了， 缺乏自然美。
”姑娘那双纤手朝不远 处一指。
“喏，到生物系的小植物园 去，那儿不仅有龙柏，还有雪松、扁 柏呢。
” 她的声波在清冽的空间扩散， 像 清甜的冰糖渐渐融化。
年轻人留下了 一串无邪的笑声。
又一个竹骨梅肌的青年出现在 文史楼前， 衣服右下摆隐约可见斑驳 的油画颜料污迹。他在欣赏雪景之 余，猛然发现倾斜的龙柏，不满地轻 声嘀咕：
“搞环境保护的同志真马虎， 昨晚下那么大的雪，竟没来校园巡 视， 他们对美的统一性的被破坏负有 间接的责任!”这位美术爱好者凝视 片刻，灵感的火花映亮心窗，他立刻 打开速写本，涅着炭精棒，勾勒这棵 龙柏的体态轮廓， 准备回宿舍精心画 一幅漫画， 连画名也想好了， 就叫做：
《一株龙柏的控诉》 。他离去时遗憾 地摇头叹息， 眼波里颤动着一丝失望 的情绪。
微弱的阳光下， 急匆匆地走来一 个肩挎旧书包的青年工人， 他是来旁 听中文系选修课的。突然，一阵风吹 拂龙柏树，扬起无数雪沫，洒在他头 上、身上。青年工人仰脸看看那株龙 柏.脚步放慢了，他一看手表立刻加 快步伐走去。
一会，他带来一把铁锹、一截旧 茅竹、橡皮带，手脚麻利地不停地劳 作，那株倾斜的龙柏终于挺直了脊 梁，牢牢地屹立在校园。
上课铃声响了。
他疾步如飞地向 教室奔去! 静谧。
点点不同的浅蓝色脚印留 在雪地里， 组合成一行行无人辨识的 文字，蕴藏着精致微妙的内涵。那株 龙柏静静注视着面前的雪地， 仿佛苦 心思索关于美的神秘的定义。
Society had come out to capture the beautiful scenery endowed by nature. Laughing and talking merrily, they were approaching the leaning cypress. "Let's take a shot just in front of the Building!" a rich baritone voice suggested. "No, this cypress is bent by the storm and lacks natural beauty," the girl responded. Pointing to a place nearby, she proposed, "Why don't we go to the small garden they went, leaving their carefree laughter behind. Another slim young man appeared at the Building, his coat stained with paint somewhere down the right corner. In appreciation of the snow scene he suddenly caught sight of the bent cypress, lie grumbled to himself. "The gardeners were indeed very negligent. They didn't even come out to patrol the campus in such a heavy snow as last night's. They should he held partially responsible for the ruin of the harmonious beauty of nature." The amateur artist was staring at the bent cypress when inspiration flashed into his mind. He quickly opened his sketch book and drew an outline of the cypress with his charcoal pen. He planned to develop the sketch into a cartoon, when he got back to the dormitory. He had even figured out a title for it, "A Cypress Complains.” He left with a sigh of sympathy for the bent tree and a flicker o# disappointment in his eyes. In the dim sunlight, a young worker, with a worst bag on his shoulder, was hurrying to the Chinese Department to audit a selective course. All of a sudden a gust of wind blew over the bent cypress, shaking the overlaying snowflakes down onto the young man's head and shoulders. He looked up and noticed the tree. Then he slowed his steps, took a glance at his watch and hurried away. In a short while, he came back with a spade, an old bamboo stick and a piece of rubber hand. He worked with his deft hands on the bent cypress, until it was straight again. The bell for class was ringing and he dashed to the classroom. Silence reigned. Faint bluish footprints, of all shapes and sizes, farmed in the snow lines of illegible words with subtle implications. That cypress was quietly gazing at the snow, as if meditating on the mystery of beauty.
枪口 徐光兴 官复原职的 N 省建材局杨局长 和李秘书，走在篙草丛生、芦荻疏落 的湖边。
“烟中列峋青无数， 雁背夕阳红 欲暮。
”西风，秋水，雁阵，衔着落 日的远山，交融在一起，更增添打猎 者的无限兴致。
“嘎——” 传来一声水禽被惊动 的鸣叫。
杨局长从李秘书手里接过一 支崭新的猎枪，爱抚地摸了一下。它 是双筒枪管，枪身瓦蓝铮亮，枪口黑 黝黝的，有一股逼人的寒气。货三十 多年前他打游击时， 也没拿到过这样 的枪。
“吱嘎——嘎呷” ，从附近湖面 的荷梗残苇中，窜出几只白颈黄蹼、 羽毛灰麻麻的水鸭子， 在空中扑腾乱 飞， 惊悸声声。
赶着猎狗的捕猎社员， 也悄悄地摸到这儿。
好几支猎枪的枪 口，同时瞄准了这些空中猎物。
“砰——”老杨开枪了。一缕白 烟消散，一只水鸭子像断线的风筝， 从半空中坠下。
“打中喽，打中喽!杨局长，你 真不愧是当年游击队里的神枪手。
” 李秘书像个孩子似的跳着嚷着， 奔过 去捡猎获物。
老杨只是“嘿嘿”笑了几声，拍 着枪连声说：
“好枪，好枪!” 他俩朝熄了引擎的黑色小轿车 走去。老杨说：
“老王这家伙，介绍 的地点还蛮不错呢。
” 李秘书试探地凑上前去说：
“他 是您的老部下嘛。这次他请您批 50 吨建材物资给他„„” “你不要为他做说客。不批，半 个字也不批；针尖大的洞，也会刮进 斗大的风。咱党员干部，那歪门邪道 不要搞。
”他停了一下，朝烟波迷茫、 水天一色的湖面瞧去。
‘ “好景致，可 惜婷儿没有同来。
” “她今天有更高兴的事儿。
”李 秘书故作神秘地笑笑说， “王主任托
The Muzzles Xu Quangxing Yang had just been sent back to his former post, Chief of the Provincial Building Material Bureau. Later one afternoon he was walking with Secretary Li, hunting beside the lake where wormwood grew abundantly among scattered reeds. There were seemingly endless green mountain ranges stretching into thin mist, and wild geese silhouetted against the glow of the setting sun. An autumn stream ruffled by the west wind, and the lines of wild geese set against the background of distant mountains embracing the sinking sun, harmoniously merged to enhance the joy of the hunters. "Quack!” came the cry o# a startled water bird. Bureau Chief Yang took the brand-new hunting gun from Secretary L and caressed it with affection. It was a double-barreled shotgun with a shining blue body and a pair of chilling black muzzles. He had never held such a fine weapon, not even in those days of guerrilla warfare thirty years before. "Quack! Quack!" Out fluttered into the air several grey-feathered ducks with white necks and yellow webbed feet. The commune hunters stole to the lakeside, their hounds at their heels. Several muzzles at once aimed at the fleeing birds in the air. "Bang!" Old Yang fired. A wisp of white smoke dispersed to reveal a duck falling from the sky like a stringless kite. "You've scored a hit! Chief Yang, you did deserve to be called the crackshot in the guerrilla warfare days!" Secretary Li jumped and shouted with joy like a child and rushed to pick up the shot bird. Old Yang chuckled, patted the gun and said, “Excellent shotgun! Excellent indeed!" As they were walking to the waiting black car, Old Yang remarked, “That fellow Wang recommended a fairly good spot to us for hunting.” Seizing the opportunity, Secretary Li cut in probingly, “He used to be your subordinate, didn't he? This time Ws asked you to grant him 50 tons of building material . . . "Don't you ever try to talk me into consenting on his behalf. I won't agree, not or any account! A tiny opening will let in a gust of wind. We Party cadres should not engage in any under-the-counter business." Yang stopped to glance over the misty lake where the water joined the
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了文化局的老马， 同意把您的女儿调 到省实验话剧团工作。
” “嗯?”老杨的眉毛拧了个结。
李秘书只当没察觉，坐进轿车，手扶 在车门上，仿佛自言自语地说：
“就 拿这辆车来说吧， 也是王主任出力调 拨给您的。那回大姐犯病进院，还多 亏这辆车接送。
” “该死，早把我当猎物给瞄上 了。
”他下意识地摄紧枪把想。李秘 书一限溜到枪上，像又想起什么说：
“王主任知道您喜欢打猎，这支猎 枪，就是他特意托人专程送到您家 的„„” 车发动了。老杨陡然一惊，不觉 倒抽一口冷气：黑黝黝双筒枪口，冒 着寒气，就像两只黑洞洞的眼睛，死 死地瞄准了他„„
sky. "What a nice view! It's a pity that my daughter Ting hasn't come with us, " he concluded. "There is something nicer in store for her today," Secretary Li smiled with an air of mystery and went on. "Director Wang has managed to get your daughter transferred to the Provincial Drama Troupe with the help of Old Ma of the Cutural Bureau. " "Really?" Old Yang knitted his brows. Secretary Li pretended not to notice it and got into the car, and with his hand still on the door, murmured as if to himself, "As for this car, it was allocated to you through the effort of Director Wang too. When your wife fell ill, she was rushed to hospital in the same car. " "Damn it? I have long been aimed at as a target!" Old Yang thought as he subconsciously tightened his gasp on the shotgun. Secretary Li took a swift glance at the gun, and seeming to have been reminded of something, said, "Director Wang knew that you were fond of hunting, so he had this shotgun sent especially to your home. . ." The engine started. Old Yang was taken aback and couldn't help drawing his breath sharply. The chilling black muzzles glared coldly at him lust like a pair of black eves. The Story of a Myna Wang Fenbin said that in his village there was a man who had a myna. He trained it to speak and they got attached to each other. Wherever he went he took it with him. They had been together for years. When he was arriving at 3iangraou one day, he found that tie had run out of money. He was upset, riot knowing what to do. The myna said, "Why not sell me? Take me to the prefect and you can sell me for a good price and traveling expenses will be no problem." The man said, "I can't bear to sell you." The myna said, "That's nothing. As soon as you get the money, get away from here quickly and wait for me under a big tree about twenty R west of town." The man took its advice. Re went to town with the bird, engaging it in brief conversations. Soon they attracted marry onlookers. The steward of the prefect saw the bird and told the prefect about it. The prefect summoned the man to his house and he wanted to buy the bird. The man said, "We depend on each other for survival. I cannot sell it to you." The prefect asked the bird, "Do you like to stay with me?" The bird answered,
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鸭鸽 王汾滨言：其乡有养八哥者，教以 语言，甚押习，出游必与之俱，相将 数年矣。一日，将过绛州，而资斧已 罄，其人愁苦无策。鸟云：
“何不告 我？送我王邸，当得善价，不愁归路 无资也。
”其人云：
“我安忍。
”鸟言：
“不妨。主人得价疾行，待我城西二 十里大树下。
”其人从之。携至城， 相问答，观者渐众。有中贵见之，闻 诸王。
王召入， 欲买之。
其人日：
“小 人相依为命，不愿卖。
”王问鸟：
“汝 愿住否?”言：
“愿住。
”王喜。鸟又 言：
“给价十金，勿多予。
”王益喜， 立界十金。其人故作懊恨状而去。王 与鸟言， 应对便捷。
呼肉淡之。
食已， 鸟曰：
“臣要浴。
”王命金盆贮水，开 笼令浴。浴已，飞檐间，梳翎抖羽， 尚与王喋喋不休。顷之，羽燥，翩趾 而起，操晋声曰：
“臣去呀!”顾盼已 失所在。王及内侍，仰面咨磋。急觅
其人，则已渺矣。后有往秦中者，见 其人携鸟在西安市上。毕载积先生 记。
"Yes, I do." The prefect was delighted to hear it. Then the bird said again, "Give him ten liang of silver and no more." The prefect was all the more delighted. He gave the man ten hang of silver. The man left, with a feigned look of dejection. The prefect asked the bird questions and the bind answered with great readiness. He ordered to give it meat to eat. The moment it finished the meat, the bird said, "I want to take a bath." The prefect ordered to bring a gold basin, fill it with water, open the cage and let it bathe in it. When the bath was over, the bird flew up to the eave where it shook off the water and trimmed its plumage, in the meantime, chattering away with the prefect. In another moment its plumage was dried and the bird fluttered up, saying in the local accent, "I am going, sir, " When they looked up to gee, the bird was out of sight. The prefect and his servants could do nothing but sigh toward the sky. When servants were sent to look for the birdman he was nowhere to be found. Later someone, traveling to Shaanxi, saw the man with his bird in Xi' an. This story is told by Mr. Bi Zaiji. The Bronze Mirror Whenever we visit a museum, we see various types of ancient bronze mirrors. Used as a household necessity for dressing by the ancient Chinese people, these bronze mirrors were mostly unearthed from ancient tombs, while some are kept as heirlooms. Our ancestors started to use bronze mirrors in as early as the 11th century B.C. During the Warring States Period, bronze mirrors prevailed among the populace. The front side of the mirrors, after being polished, glistens while the backside is embellished with single-layered or double-layered patterns, among which the commonly seen are thus- of animal faces, flowers and leaves, dragons and phoenixes. During the Western flan Period, the bronze mirrors used to be relatively thick and heavy. Most of the decorative patterns were of geometrical forms, supernatural figures, or fowls and animals, accompanied by inscriptions of only three or four characters with such meanings as "eternal love", "never to forget", "wealth for ever" and "everlasting happiness". The content frequently dealt with common well-wishings. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties the bronze mirrors appeared in all shapes: round, rectangular,
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铜镜 我们在参观博物馆时， 常常看到 各种古代铜镜。
它是我国古代人民用 来整容的家庭日用品。
这些铜镜大多 是从古墓中出土的， 也有少数是传世 之物。
早在公元前 11 世纪，我国先民 已经使用铜镜了。战国时期，铜镜在 民间盛行。镜的正面磨光发亮，背面 有的饰单层或双层花纹， 常见的有兽 面纹、 花叶纹、 龙凤纹等。
西汉时期， 铜镜较厚重，纹饰多几何图案、神人 和禽兽纹等。并有铸刻铭文，每句仅 三至四字，例如：
“长相思” 、 “毋相 忘” 、 “常富贵” 、 “乐未央”等。内容 多是通俗的吉祥语。宋、元时期出现 了圆镜、长方镜、菱镜、八棱镜和带 柄手镜等。清代以后，逐渐被玻璃镜 所代替。
上海博物馆展出一件铜镜—— “透光镜” ，它是西汉时期的珍品， 直径为 11 .5 厘米。这面铜镜与普通 铜镜一样，背面有图案，还有铭文。
奇怪的是，当一束光线照到镜面， 。
反射投影在墙壁上， 墙上的光亮圈内 竟出现铜镜背面的图案和文字， 好像 从镜背 “透” 过来的， 故称 “透光镜” 。
对于这种现象，在过去很长的时间 里，连科学家们都感到惊奇，人们把 它称做“魔镜” 。今天，我国已可仿 制出售，作为旅游纪念品，很受外国 游客的欢迎。
我国古代常把铜镜当做随葬品。
在古墓中， 往往发现铜镜放置在死者 的头顶或胸侧。
有时把铜镜和木梳一 起放在漆匣内或小荷包里。
在发掘古 墓时，还发现有的铜镜放在墓顶上 方， 据说这是为了 “辟邪” 和 “降妖” 。
rhomboidal, octagonal, and those with a handle. Since the Qing Dynasty, however, the bronze mirror has gradually given way to the glass mirror. In Shanghai Museum, one finds a treasure of the Western Han Period, the "penetrative bronze mirror", measuring 11.5 cm. in diameter. Like ordinary bronze mirrors it bears patterns and inscriptions on the back. But what amazes people is that when a bundle of rays is projected onto the surface of the mirror, which, in turn, reflects the light on the wall, the patterns and inscriptions on the backside are shown in the ring of the light, as if they had penetrated the whole thickness of the mirror. Hence the name of the mirror. For a long time in the past, even scientists were so puzzled at the phenomenon that it was called a "magic mirror". Today, reproductions of this mirror are being made and sold as souvenirs and they appeal very much to tourists. In ancient times, bronze mirrors were very often used as sacrificial objects. In the ancient tombs, one can always expect to find bronze mirrors placed on top of the head or beside the chest of the dead. Sometimes, bronze mirrors and combs were put together in lacquer boxes or small pouches. In unearthing ancient tombs, bronze mirrors were sometimes discovered on the inner topsides, in order to keep away evil spirits and subdue demons, so it was said. The College Wu Qing How can I ever forget the beautiful campus in Africa? The grounds were covered with dark green grass through which stretched a straight white stone path .On both sides of the path were planted what I believed to be poinsettias. Now the flowers were surrounded by pinkish leaves instead of bright red ones as they should have been. Trimmed with light green edges，the leaves looked delicate and charming. Along the long path I often took a stroll which would take me to a wide terrace，where 1 could watch the enchanting glow of sunset ， and occasionally catch the sight of a train pulling and hooting on its way southward. On my way hack I would pass by the laboratory and library building whose large French windows had soft curtains let fall to the floor. Just outside the windows kapok flowers glowed red in full bloom. A short way off
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学校 吴晴 我怎能忘记那美丽的校园呢? 那儿处处是碧绿的芳草， 绿草中 铺着洁白的、笔直的石路。路两旁种 的那些树分明是一品红， 然而原该为 大红色的排列为环状的叶， 却变为柔 媚的粉红，还有着淡绿色的边儿。我 常在这条长长的石径上散步。
走着走 着，来到一座宽阔的台子上，站在这 里可以看到迷人的晚霞与夕照， 偶然 也能看到冒着浓烟呜呜南去的列车。
件转身往回走， 不远便会来到实验室 和图书馆。
这儿宽大的落地窗软帘垂 地， 。窗外的木棉树上开着耀眼的红 花。再往前走便是餐厅了，那儿有一 株美丽的树，开着雪一样白的花儿。
那花儿开得轻柔而又炯娜， 一朵朵地
连成一片，从远处看去，美得像新嫁 娘雪白的头纱。
后来我才知道这就是 我在书上读到那么多次的曼陀罗。
学校的中心地带是个扇形的喷 水泉， 中间很艺术地摆着些中国式的 太湖石。这是新建的。
在我们中国教师住的院子里， 有 一个跟这模式一样的喷水泉， 不过比 这要小得多，像个盆景似的，那是早 来这儿的老师利用业余时间建的。
他 们在池中放了些水草和金鱼， 可能是 为了抒发对祖国的怀念之情吧， 还在 太湖石上用秀丽的隶书字体刻了 “二 泉映月”四个红字，似乎这么一来， 西湖便在他们的怀抱之中了， 故乡的 月便也在向着这些游子微笑了。
一天， 学校的校长来到中国教师 的住所。他对这个喷水池赞不绝口， 定要中国教师为学校也设计一个跟 这一样的喷水池，建在校园的中央。
于是在校园里， 在绿茸茸的芳草和艳 丽的花朵之间又加上了一个中国色 彩的喷水池，在阳光的辉照下，喷射 着亮晶晶的水珠儿。
stood the dining hall ， where I found a tree hearing snore-white blossoms so graceful and soft to the touch， Viewed together from the distance, they were as beautiful as a bridal veil. Later I learned that it was a tree called datura which I had so often read about in hooks. In the centre of the campus was a newly-built fan-shaped fountain. A number of Chinese taihu rocks were arranged in it with a touch of artistry. And there was a story behind it. In the courtyard of the house where Chinese teachers were living，there was also a similar but much smaller fountain looking like potted landscape. It was built by the Chinese teachers who had come earlier in their spare time. They had graced it with water plants and goldfish .Perhaps out of a yearning for their homeland， they had even engraved on a taihu rock four Chinese characters:“Er Quan Ying Yue’meaning“two springs reflecting the moonlight.”These characters were painted red and written in an ancient calligraphic style. The homesick Chinese teachers seemed to feel that at the sight of these characters，they could by a flight of the imagination bring to their presence a native moon smiling beaming over the West Lake. One day the president of the college carne to visit the Chinese teachers. Delighted by the beauty of their fountain he asked them to design another one for the college. Thus in the centre of the campus, in a field of green grass and colourful flowers appeared a new Chinese fountain spurting out water drops glistening in the sunlight. Wild Grass Xia Yan There is a story which goes like this: Someone asked, "What is the most powerful thing in the world?" There was a variety of answers. "Elephant," someone said. "Lion," another said. "Buddha's guardian warrior," still another said half-jokingly. As to how powerful the Buddha's guardian warrior was, no one was sure. In fact none of the answers was correct. The most powerful thing in the world is the seed of plants. The force displayed by a seed is simply incomparable. Here
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草衍 野夏 有这样一个故事。
有人问：
世界上什么东西的气力 最大?回答纷纭的很，有的说“象” ， 有的说“狮” ，有人开玩笑似的说：
是“金刚” 。金刚有多少气力，当然 大家全不知道。
结果，这一切答案完全不对，世 界上气力最大的，是植物的种子。一 粒种子所可以显现出来的力， 简直是 超越一切，这儿又是一个故事。
人的头盖骨， 结合得非常致密与 坚固， 生理学家和解剖学者用尽了一
切的方法，要把它完整地分出来，都 没有这种力气， 后来忽然有人发明了 一个方法， 就是把一些植物的种子放 在要剖析的头盖骨里， 给它以温度与 湿度，使它发芽，一发芽，这些种子 便以可怕的力量， 将一切机械力所不 能分开的骨骼，完整地分开了，植物 种子力量之大，如此如此。
这，也许特殊了一点，常人不容 易理解，那么，你看见笋的成长吗? 你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的 一颗小草的生成吗 ? 他为着向往阳 光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上 面的石块如何重， 石块与石块之间如 何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地，但是顽 强不屈地透到地面上来， 它的根往土 壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不 可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被 它掀翻，一粒种子的力量的大，如此 如此。
没有一个人将小草叫做“大力 士，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界 无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生 命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显 现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡， 因为它是一种“长期坑战的力，有弹 性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目 的不止的力。
种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中， 有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气， 因为有了阻力才有磨炼。
生命开始的 一瞬间就带了斗争来的草， 才是坚韧 的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地 对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。
goes another story: The bones of a human skull are so tightly and firmly joined that no physiologist and anatomist had succeeded in taking them apart whatever means they tried. Then someone invented a method. He put sonic seeds of a plant in the skull to be dissected and provided the necessary temperature and moisture to make them germinate. Once the seeds germinated, they manifested a terrible force with which he succeeded in opening up the human skull that had failed to be opened even by mechanical means. You may think this is too unusual a story to be grasped by the common mind. Well, have you ever seen how the bamboo shoots grow? Have you ever seen how frail young grass grow out from under debris and rubble? In order to get the sunshine and bring its will to grow into play, no matter how heavy the rocks are and how narrow the space between the rocks, it will wind its way up irresistibly, its roots drilling downward and its sprouts shooting upward. This is an irresistible force. Any rock lying in its way will be overturned. This again shows how powerful a seed can be. Though the little grass has never been said to be herculean, the power it shows is matchless in the world. It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent it from growing because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time, because it is an elastic force that can shrink and expand, because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown. The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but among debris. If it is filled with life, it is never pessimistic or sad, for it is tempered by resistance and pressure. The grass that fights its way out since the moment it is hom can be called "strong' and “temacious"; only the grass that fights its way up since its birth has the right to laugh with justified pride at the potted plants in glassed green houses. Planting a Pear Tree A villager took his pears to the market to sell. His pears were juicy and sweet, but the price was high. A Taoist priest, in an old cap and worn cotton robe, came up to his cart and begged for a pear. The villager told him to go away but he would not. The villager got angry and began
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种梨 有乡人货梨于市， 颇甘芳， 价腾贵。
有道士破巾絮衣，丐于车前。乡人咄 之，亦不去；乡人怒，加以叱骂。道 士曰：
“一车数百颗，老袖止丐其一， 于居士亦无大损，何怒为？”观者劝
置劣者一枚令去，乡人执不肯。肆中 佣保者，见喋聒联不堪，遂出钱市一 枚， 付道士。
道士拜谢， 谓众日：
“出 家人不解吝惜。我有佳梨、请出供 客。
”或曰：
“既有之，何不自食?” 曰：
“我特需此核作种。
”于是掬梨大 啖。且尽，把核于手，解肩上镌，坎 地深数寸，纳之而覆以土。向市人索 汤沃灌。好事者于临路店索得沸沈， 道士接浸坎处。万目攒视，见有勾萌 出，渐大；俄成树，枝叶扶苏；倏而 花，倏而实，硕大芳馥，累累满树。
道七乃即树头摘赐观者，顷刻向尽。
已，乃以镌伐树，丁丁良久，方断；
带叶荷肩头，从容徐步而去。
初， 道士作法时， 乡人亦杂立众中， 引领注目，竟忘其业。道士既去，始 顾车中， 则梨已空矣。
方悟适所侬散， 皆己物也。又细视车上一靶亡，是新 凿断者。心大愤恨。急迹之，转过墙 隅，则断靶弃垣下，始知所伐梨本， 即是物也。
道士不知所在。
一市粲然。
to use strong words at him. The Taoist priest said, "You've got a cartful of pears which must be in the hundred, but I am asking for only one of them and one pear is not much of a loss to you. Why are you getting so angry shout it?" The onlookers said, "Give him a bad one and let him go." A waiter in the tavern, hearing the noisy bickering in the street, came anti bought a pear for the priest. The priest thanked him and said to the crowd, "As a Taoist priest I am not that sparing. I've got first-class pears and I'd like to share them with you." Someone in the crowd said, "Why not eat your own pears then, since you've got some?" "But I need the core of it as seed," the priest said and, holding up the pear with his hands, began to eat. When he ate up the pear, he held its core in one hand and, with the other, he took off' a small shovel from his back. He began to dig in the ground a hole two or three inches deep, put the core in it and then covered it with earth. Lie asked if anyone in the crowd could find some hot water for him. One of them, an obliging person, fetched some boiling water from a strop by the street. The priest took it over and poured it where the core of the pear was buried. While tine people around watched, the core sprouted and grew and, in a moment, became a tree with exuberant foliage and, in another couple of seconds, it began to blossom and bear pears. The pears were big, emitting sweet fragrance and the tree was heavy with them. The priest picked them and gave them to the people around and soon there were no more. Then the priest began to cut the tree and he worked at it for a long while before he felled it. He put the tree, leaves and all, on his shoulder and walked off at a leisurely pace. While the priest was playing the magic the pear seller, standing among the crowd, craned his neck to watch, forgetting his own business. When the priest was gone he found that all his pears in the cart were gone. It was not until then that he realized the pears the priest had dished out were all his pears. And then he noticed that one shaft of his cart disappeared and the cut was fresh. The pear seller was bursting with anger. He dashed off to run after the priest. Turning the corner he found the lost shaft was lying at the foot of the wall. And by then he realized that it was the shaft of his cart, not the tree, that the priest was cutting. The priest was nowhere to be found and the whole marketplace was immensely amazed. (刘士聪 译)
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哀互生 朱自清 三月里刘熏宇君来信， 说互生病 了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只 好等日子了。四月底在《时事新报》 上见到立达学会的通告， 想不到这么 快互生就殁了！ 后来听说他病中的光 景，那实在太惨；为他想，早点去， 少吃些苦头，也未尝不好的。但丢下 立达这个学校， 这班朋友， 这班学生， 他一定不甘心，不瞑目! 互生最叫我们纪念的是他做人 的态度。他本来是一副铜筋铁骨，黑 皮肤衬着那一套大布之衣， 看去像个 乡下人。他什么苦都吃得，从不晓得 享用， 也像乡下人。
他心里那一团火， 也像乡下人。那一团火是热，是力， 是光。
由他不爱多说话， 但常常微笑；
那微笑是自然的，温暖的。在他看， 人是可以互相爱着的， 除了一些成见 已深，不愿打开窗户说亮话。的。他 对这些人却有些憎恶， 不肯假借一点 颜色。世界上只有能憎的人才能爱；
爱憎没有定见，只是毫无作为的脚 色。公互生觉得青年成见还少，希望 最多；
所以愿意将自己的生命一滴不 剩而献给他们， 让爱的宗教在他们中 间发荣滋长，让他们都走向新世界 去。互生不好发议论，只埋着头干干 干，是儒家的真正精神。我和他并没 有深谈过，但从他的行事看来，相信 我是认识他的。
互生办事的专心，少有人及得他。
他办立达便饮食坐卧只惦着立达， 再 不想别的。立达好像他的情人，他的 独子。他性情本有些猖介，但为了立 达，也常去看一班大人先生，更常去 看那些有钱可借的老板之类。
他东补 西凑地为立达筹款子，还要跑北京， 跑南京。有一回他本可以留学去，但 丢不下立达，到底没有去。他将生命 献给立达，立达也便是他的生命。他 办立达这么多年， 并没有让多少人知 道他个人的名字，他早忘记了自己。
现在他那样壮键的身子到底为立达
Mourning for Husheng Zhu Ziqing In March I heard from Mr. Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick and hopelessly sick at that. The doctor said there was nothing he could do but to trait for the day to arrive. Toward the end of April, I came across an obituary issued by Lida Association in the newspaper Current Affairs. How quickly the day had arrived! Later, when I learned how he had suffered during his illness, I thought it was too miserable. From his point of view, however, his passing away was not a bad thing after all, because he suffered less by going earlier. But it must have been very hard for him to close his eyes and resign himself to the fact that he was leaving his Lida School, his friends and his students behind. What wag most memorable about Husheng was his attitude toward life. He was as strong as a man of steel, his dark complexion set off by clothes of coarse cloth, looking like someone from the countryside. He could withstand any hardship and never sought ease and comfort. In this respect he was like a countryman, too. Again like a countryman, he had a heart as warns as fire radiating warmth, power and light. He was a man of few words, but of all smiles. His smile was natural and friendly. In his view, people could love each other, except those with deep prejudices and those who could not bring themselves out in the open. He hated these people, and to them he wouldn't show anything like gentleness. In this world, only those who could hate could love. Those who did not know what to love and what to hate were useless people. Hussheng thought that young people had little prejudice but lots of future promise, so he was willing to devote his life to them without reservation, letting the religion of love grow and flourish among them so that they could all go to a new world. Husheng was not fond of talking too much, instead, he put his mind on work, and work, and nothing but work--an embodiment of the Confucian spirit. Though I never had a chance to talk with him very closely, I was convinced that I understood him from the way he carried himself and conducted matters. Few people 1 knew of were as devoted as Husheng. When he was running Lida School, all his thoughts were on the school, whatever he did. Lida was like his sweetheart, his only son. He was by nature an honest
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牺牲了。他殉了自己的理想，是有意 义的。只是这理想刚在萌芽；我们都 该想想，立达怎样才可不死呢?立达 不死，互生其实也便不死了。
man, but for the sake of Lida, he had to go and see important people, bosses and others from whom he hoped to borrow money. To raise funds, he had to run many places, even as far as Beijing and Nanjing. Once he could have gone to study abroad, but he did not go in the end because he could not tear himself away from the school. He had sacrificed his life for Lida and Iida had become his life too. Though he was head of the school for so many years, he never tried to make his name known to the public. He had forgotten about himself altogether. Now he had worked himself to death for Lida despite his robust constitution. He had died for his ideal-a meaningful death. His ideal was merely beginning to bud. Now we should all think about one question: what must we do to keep Lida alive? If Lida is kept alive, Husheng lives on. The Peanut Xu Dishan At the back of our house there was half a mu of vacant land. "It's a pity to let it go to waste like that," Mother said. "Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids. Some went to buy seeds, some dug the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest! "Let us have a party tonight to celebrate," Mother suggested, "and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts. What do you say?" We all agreed, of course. Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration. The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same. "Do you like peanuts?" Dad asked. "Yes!" we all answered eagerly. "But who ran tell me what the peanut is good for?" "It is very delicious to eat," my sister took the lead. "It is good for making cooking oil,” my brother followed. "It is inexpensive." I said. "Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it. I think this is what it is good for." "Peanut is good for many things," Dad said, "but there
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落花生 许地山 我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：
“让它荒芜着怪可惜， 既然称们那么 爱吃花生，就辟来做花生园罢。
”我 们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢— —买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的 灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了! 妈妈说：
“今晚我们可以做一个 收获节， 也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们底 新花生，如何?”我们都答应了。母 亲把花生做成好几样食品， 还吩咐这 节期要在园里底茅亭举行。
那晚上底天色不大好， 可是爹爹 也到来，实在很难得!爹爹说：
“你们 爱吃花生么?” 我们都争着答应：
“爱!” “谁能把花生底好处说出来?” 。
姊姊说：
“花生底气味很美。
” 哥哥说：
“花生可以制油。
” 我说：
“无论何等人都可以用贱 价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。这就是它 的好处。
” 爹爹说：
“花生底用处固然很多；
但有一样是很可贵的。
这小小的豆不 像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它 们底果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜 色，令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只
把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人 把它挖出来。
你们偶然看见一棵花生 瑟缩地长在地上， 不能立刻辨出它有 没有果实， 非得等到你接触它才能知 道。
” 我们都说：
“是的。
”母亲也点点 头。爹爹接下去说：
“所以你们要像 花生，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、 好看的东西。
”我说：
“那么，人要做 有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人 了。
”爹爹说：
“这是我对于你们的希 望。
” 我们谈到夜阑才散， 所有花生食 品虽然没有了， 然而父亲底话现在还 印在我心版上。
is one thing that is particularly good about it. Unlike apples, peaches or pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colours, peanut buries its fruit in the earth. It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dip 4 out, you can't tell whether it bears fruit or not just by its frail sterns above ground." "That's true," we all said and Mother nodded tier assent. "So you should try to be like the peanut,' Dad scent on, "because it is useful, though not great or attractive.” "Do you mean,” I asked, "we should team to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?" "Yes," Dad said. "'Ibis is what I wish you to be." We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But Father's words remained vivid in my memory till this day. A Blind Actor Zhou Zhijun "Don't move it! Don't move it, I tell you!" "I've just moved „the trouser legs' a little. What of it?" "What „trouser legs‟?! " I didn't know which of his nerves told this blind actor that I was stealthily moving the side curtains. My habit of calling the side curtains "trouser legs" irritated him to such an extent that his artificial whiskers quivered. I was sure that under the make-up his face must be black with anger. He deserved the position of art adviser in the troupe for the long years he had been working there. What a comfortably easy job it would have been for him! But ire claimed an artist should remain on the stage till death. So I was appointed by the director to see to his safety whenever he went on stage. No one could say when the side curtains on the stage carne to be called the "trouser leg." In fact, some actors would use them as napkins after snacks, and others would lift them to take a short cut off the stage. All this he could no longer see. I had held u the side curtain just in time to keels him from tripping over it, and this was what I got in return from him. "It serves you right if you stumbled on it!" 1 cursed to myself. With tears brimming in his sightless yet still attractive
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盲演员 周志俊 “别动！ „„叫你别动就别动!” “动一个“裤脚管’有什么?’ “什么‘裤脚管’?!” 我不知道是哪根神经的传导， 使 这位双目失明的演员知道我在偷偷 撩动翼幕。我习惯叫翼幕为“裤脚 管” ，这使他很生气，粘着的胡子簌 簌发抖，要不是化了妆，肯定是张铁 青的脸。
以他的艺龄， 完全可以做做剧院 艺术顾问的事了，多省心!但他说一 个演员不能离开舞台，也许到死!于 是每逢他演出， 院长派我负贵他的安 全：上场、下场„„ 舞台上的翼幕， 什么时候开始被 叫做“裤脚管” ，无人能回答亡但的 确有这样的事，有些演员常在吃食 后，便把它当做抹布擦手；下场时， 为了少走两步，把“裤脚管”一撩， 走个斜线就下妆去了。
这些他现在已 看不到了。
这一次为了怕翼幕绊住他 的脚，我才撩了一下，不幸落在我的 身上，我心里嘟嚷着：
“摔着活该!” 他很生气地问起是谁给神圣的 舞台上的翼幕取了 “裤脚管” 的名字，
他那无光却仍有魅力的眼睛， 突然涌 出两颗泪珠，挂在眼角上，不落下 来„„ 那是在他还未失明时候的事了， 剧院门口贴着“庙小妖风大，池浅王 八多”的对联，横批是“老朽滚蛋” 。
可是几个年轻人，演出就困难了。于 是打着“落实政策”的幌子，把他解 放出来， 当舞台监督兼跑个不出声的 群众。但他的好年月仪仅不到一个 月，也就为了这条“裤脚管” ，有人 当主角， 一出场就把翼幕一撩， 亮相， 下场一撩，表示帅劲儿。这些被池看 在眼里，忘了“老老实实改造”的训 示，在大庭广众面前就吼了起来，造 反派组织了“现场批斗会” ，狠狠斗 这条“翻天”的“牛” 。
“打倒斯坦尼的孝子贤孙!” 他心爱的学生， 还把老师在牛棚 里偷偷写成的《论舞台艺术的整体 性》霍地甩了出来，于是现场像热油 锅里掉进盐粒，沸起来了。
“在牛棚里还写黑文毒害人!” 一张张的地下文字，变成了碎 片，在他脚下飞舞，他低着头，看见 纸片上的字渐渐小去，小去，他复发 了青光眼„„ 他对我抱歉地说， 他看不得别人 对艺术事业的糟蹋。
他伸手摸起桌上 一个照相架， 里面是一张他扮演老工 人的剧照，相框是古铜色雕花的。
“一个完整的艺术品， 应当包括 这个框架。翼幕就是舞台框子。假使 把翼幕当成‘裤脚管’ ，随便破坏它， 那我们怎么能称得上是人类灵魂的 工程师呢!” 我真希望他现在能眼睛豁亮起 来，让他看到我的泪水，我的忏悔。
他看见了，因为他没有再说下去。
eyes, he angrily demanded to know who nicknamed the sacred side curtains "trouser legs." This incident occurred during the Cultural Revolution when he still had his eyesight. At the door of the theater hung a couplet which read: "A small temple with strong evil wind; A shallow pond with many bad tortoises." Between the vertical couplet stretched the horizontal streamer which read: "Away with old scoundrels." At that time only a few young actors were allowed to perform on the stage. It was almost impossible for them to give any good performances. So this veteran actor was soon "liberated" under the pretest of "implementing the policies" and was made stage manager with the concurrent job of playing silent minor roles on the stage. However, this job which kept him free lasted no more than a month. It was ail because of "the trouser legs" incident. Some leading actors used to hold up one of the side curtains to strike a pose when going on the stage and hold it up again to show off when leaving the stage. When he saw such behavior he forgot the directive of "remoulding in real earnest' and roared with indignation at these actors. A public meeting wits held on the spot by the rebels to severely denounce this "ox" *who wanted to "overturn heaven.” * "Down with the filial son of Stanislavski!" Then suddenly one of the old actor's favorite students flung out the article, On the Integrity of Stage An, which the old actor had written in secret when he was confined in the "ox shed"" This set the whole audience boiling as if salt had been poured into a pot of hot oil. "He even dared to write reactionary articles in the „ox shed' to poison people's minds!" Viciously they tore up all the streets of his article and scattered the pieces swirling around the old actor's feet. Bending his head, he watched the words on the scraps of paper becoming fainter and fainter until he could see no mare because of a relapse of glaucoma. The old veteran then told me as if in apology that he couldn't bear to see art maltreated. Fumbling on the table, he took up a carved bronze-colored photo frame containing a stage photo of himself as a Veteran worker. He said to me, "A complete work of art should include the frame as well. The side curtains are a part of the stage frame. If we treat them as „trouser legs' and abuse them at
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will, how can we actors deserve to be referred to as 'the engineers of the human soul'?" How I wished he could see again! He would see my regretful tears. Yes, he did see all too clearly, for he abruptly broke off. * ox: a term used during the Cultural Revolution, referring to a class enemy . * overturn heaven: to overthrow the government. * ox shed : a place where "oxen" (class enemies) were confined. “孺子马” 宋连昌 我的邻居老纪， 是位消息灵通人 士。每天下班，总要带回几条新闻：
大至国内外大事，小到谁家夫妻吵 架、婆媳不和„„他发布新闻，是大 家都在做饭的时候， 地点自然以厨房 居多。
这天，老纪进了厨房就说：
“老 王，你听说了吗?” “什么事?” “ XX X 的儿子被逮了。
” “噢!因为什么?” 我停住手里的菜刀，惊愕地问。
“还 用说，犯法了呗!„„” “其实，那孩子小时候也蛮好， 都是家长的过失。
”老纪一边淘米一 边说， “你没看，从小就质。孩子说 要星星，大人不敢摘月亮。你想孩子 小时不教育，长大能好得了果不其 然，以后骂人、打架、抽烟、喝酒全 来了。
” 老纪的话简直够得上至理名言， 我不住地点头，并暗暗地为 xxx 惋 惜，若是他早能听到老纪的“教诲” ， 也许不至于铸成今天的大错了。
老纪讲着，已打点好饭锅，准备 切菜。
不知怎么 “哟” 了一声不说了。
我回头一看， 原来他的案板背上用粉 笔胡乱地画着些什么。
但老纪一眼就 认出那是他六岁的儿子小光的手笔， 他默然一笑：
“这小子，准是从昨晚 的内部电影上看来的。
”说着他又细 细地端详一阵，才不慌不忙地擦去。
刚巧小光手持长矛从外面冲了 An "Obedient Horse" Song Liangchang My neighbor Lao Ji was well informed. Every day when he got off work, he would bring several pieces of news from big events at home and abroad down to Small strifes between husband and wife, or between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. The tune far his news broadcast was usually dinner time, so the best place for it was naturally the shared kitchen. One day, Lao Ji carte into the kitchen and said, "Lao Wang, haven't you heard the news?" “What? "So-and-so‟s son has been arrested." "Oh? Why?" I asked in surprise, putting down the knife. "No doubt for an offense against the law. The boy was quite a darling as a child. It was all his parents' fault," Lao Ji went on while washing rice. "He has been spoilt from childhood, you know. If the boy wanted a star, his parents would not dare to give hire the moon. You see, if a child is not brought up properly from infancy, you cannot expect him to grow up in the right way, can you? Bad habits such as swearing, fighting, smoking and drinking are the consequences." What he said was indeed right and proper and I kept nodding in agreement while secretly sympathizing with spend-so. If he had heard Lao Ji's lecture, he wouldn't have committed such a grave mistake. Lao Ji had finished washing the rice and was preparing to cut the vegetables when he suddenly stopped short with an exclamation of “Oh!” I turned to am something scrawled in chalk on the hack of his cutting hoard. Lao Ji recognized his six-year-old son's drawing at one glance.
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进来，发现自己的“作品”被擦了， 立刻大闹起来：
“你干吗擦我的画 ? 臭爸爸!”哭喊着用长矛向老纪刺过 来。
老纪急中生智， 抓起锅盖来自卫， 口里不住地求饶：
“别别，好孩子， 听爸爸说，爸爸不是给乖乖做饭吗? 不擦掉怎么切菜呀?等我用完，你再 画„„” “不行!不行!你赔我!” “那„„ 爸爸明天给你买个画册。
” “不，我不 干，你赔我，你赔我!’ ‘ “那么，过 一会爸爸趴在床上当马， 让你骑上玩 打仗，好不好？” 大概小孩子都爱玩打仗， 小光这 才住了手。可是这场“以子之矛攻父 之盾”的战斗虽然结束了，紧接着又 转人了“停战谈判” 。小光提出马上 就骑，老纪说：
“爸爸现在正做饭， 哪有工夫陪你玩?等吃完饭一定让你 骑个够，撤谎是小狗。
”小光仍然坚 持己见，丝毫没有让步的意思。老纪 搓着两手，忽然想起：
“唉!对了，刚 才爸爸又给你买来巧克力，你快去. 要不都叫妈妈吃了。
” “我不要吃，我 要骑。
” 谈判处于僵局，老纪正束手无 策，老纪爱人出面调停了：
“哎呀 ! 你那么大人还跟孩子一般见识， 饭晚 点做怕什么，先让他骑一会不就完 了？” 像在球场上双方发生争执时， 裁 判员一声哨令那样有效， 老纪立刻回 屋履行“孺子马”的义务去了„„
He then smiled, "'that kid must have learnt this from a film he saw. It was a restricted film, not open to the public. “He stared at the picture for a while before slowly cleaning it off. Just then his son, Xiao Guang, rushed in with a long spear in hand. Seeing that his "masterpiece" was cleaned off, he flared up. "Why did you clean off my picture? What a beastly dad you are!" he tired, pointing his spear at Lao Ji. In desperation, Lao Ji took up the pot lid for self defense. He was begging his son, "Please, don't! There is a dear! Listen to your dad. Dad is preparing dinner far you. How can I cut vegetables without cleaning the drawing off? You can draw on it after I have done the cutting, can't you?" "No! That won't do! You must make it up to me!" "Well, III buy you a drawing book tomorrow." "No. it won't do, either. I must get it right now!" "Well then, what if I serve as a horse on a bed while you ride an me and play being a knight?" This suggestion made Xiao Guang put his spear away, for he liked the idea as most boys did. Hardly had the battle between the sons spear and father‟s shield ended when an "armistick tale" begirt. When Xiao Guang demanded to ride the horse right then, Lao Ji replied. "I'm now preparing dinner. III let you ride on me to your heart's content after dinner. Is that okay? If I don't keep my word, FU be damned!" But Xiao Guang wouldn't budge an inch. Lao Ji wrung his hands in the air out of desperation and started to think of a new idea. "Oh, yes! I've just bought a bar of chocolate. Run and get it right row, or Mum wilt eat it all!" "I don't want chocolate! I want to ride a horse..!" The quarrel carne to a stalemate, and Lao Ji was at his wit's end wizen his wife came to make peace. "Look at you, dear! So childish! What does it matter if we have dinner a bit later than usual? Her words were like a whistle of a referee that settled the dispute immediately. Into Ji instantly went back to his room to carry out his duty as an "obedient horse.”
小麻雀 A Little Sparrow 老舍 Lao She 雨后，院里来了个麻雀，刚长全 As soon as the rain stopped, a little sparrow, almost 了羽毛。它在院里跳，有时飞一下， full-fledged, flew into the courtyard. It hopped, fluttered,
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不过是由地上飞到花盆沿上， 或由花 盆上飞下来。看它这么飞了两三次， 我看出来：
它并不会飞得再高一些。
， 它的左翅的几根长翎拧在一处， 有一 根特别的长，似乎要脱落下来。我试 着往前凑，它跳一跳，可是又停住， 看着我， 小黑豆眼带出点要亲近我又 不完全信任的神气。我想到了：这是 个熟鸟，也许是自幼便养在笼中的。
所以它不十分怕人。
可是它的左翅也 许是被养着它的或别个孩子给扯坏， 所以它爱人，又不完全信任。想到这 个，我忽然的很难过。一个飞禽失去 翅膀是多么可怜。
这个小鸟离了人恐 怕不会活，可是人又那么狠心，伤了 它的翎羽。它被人毁坏了，而还想依 靠人，多么可怜!它的眼带出进退为 难的神情， 虽然只是那么个小而不美 的小鸟， 它的举动与表情可露出极大 的委屈与为难。
它是要保全它那点生 命，而不晓得如何是好。对它自己与 人都没有信心，而又愿找到些倚靠。
它跳一跳，停一停，看着我，又不敢 过来。我想拿几个饭粒诱它前来，又 不敢离开，我怕小猫来扑它。可是小 猫并没在院里，我很快地跑进厨房， 抓来了几个饭粒。及至我回来，小鸟 已不见了。我向外院跑去，小猫在影 壁前的花盆旁蹲着呢。我忙去驱逐 它，它只一扑，把小鸟擒住!被人养 惯的小麻雀，连挣扎都不会，尾与爪 在猫嘴旁搭拉着，和死去差不多。
瞧着小鸟，猫一头跑进厨房，又 一头跑到西屋。我不敢紧追，怕它更 咬紧了可又不能不追。
虽然看不见小 鸟的头部，我还没忘了那个眼神。那 个预知生命危险的眼神。
那个眼神与 我的好心中间隔着一只小白猫。
来回 跑了几次， 我不追了。
追上也没用了， 我想，小鸟至少已半死了。猫又进了 厨房，我愣了一会儿，赶紧的又追了 去；
那两个黑豆眼仿佛在我心内睁着 呢。
进了厨房， 猫在一条铁筒—冬天 升火通烟用的， 春天拆下来便放在厨
darting up to the edge of flower pots and back to the ground again. Watching it move up and down a couple of times, I realized drat it could not fly any higher as the plumes on its left wing had got twisted with one sticking out as if about to come off. When I made an attempt to move closer, it jumped off a hit and stopped again, staring back at me with its small, black and bean-like eyes that had a mixed look of wanting to be friends with me and not being certain that I was trustworthy. It occurred to me that this must be a tame bird, having been caged since it was hatched perhaps. No wonder it was not much scared of my presence. Its left wing might have been impaired by some kid and that was why there was distrust in its look though it showed some intimacy with man. Suddenly I was seized with sadness. How miserable it was for a bird to lose its wings! Without someone taking care of it this small thing could not survive. But man had injured its wing. How cruel he was! Injured as it was, it still wanted to rely on man. How pitiable! The look in its eyes showed that She little creature was of two minds. It was small and by no means pretty, yet its gestures and expressions revealed that it had been wronged and landed in a difficult situation. It was anxious to keep its delicate life out of danger, but it did not know what to do. It had little confidence in itself and less trust in man, but it needed someone to rely on. It hopped and stopped, looking at me but too shy to come over. I thought of fetching some cooked rice to attract it, but I dared not leave it alone test it should be attacked by the kitten. As the kitten was not around at the moment, I hurried to the kitchen and cause back with a few grains only to find the bind missing. I ran to the outer yard and saw the kitten crouching by a flower pot in front of the screen wall. I hastened to drive her away but, with a quick jump, she caught hold of the bird. The tame sparrow, with its tail and claws dangling from the kitten‟s mouth, did not even know how to struggle. It looked more dead than alive. With my eyes fixed on the bird, I watched the kitten run first to the kitchen and then to the ram at the west end. I was afraid to press hard after her, but I had to follow her in case she should tighten her jaws. Though the bird's head was not visible to toe, the look of anticipated danger in its eyes was vivid in my wind. Between its look and my sympathy stood that small white cat. Having run a few rounds after her I quit, thinking it
篇二：《背影》研究述评
研究英语文学作品的翻译策略
一、 引言 翻译是将一种语言所表达的意思用另一种语言准确而完整的表 述出来。英语文学作品的翻译不同于一般的翻译，文学作品具有一定 的思想性，而且其中所体现文化差异非常明显。要将文学作品中的思 想内容准确而完整地表达出来，不是一个简单的转换过程，实际上相 当于一次再创造的过程， 不仅需要翻译者对文学作品有一定的鉴赏能 力，而且要掌握一定的翻译技巧和策略。
二、影响英语文学作品翻译的几个因素 英语文学作品常常产生于特定的时代和文化背景， 同时语言的表 达也和一般的语言有所不同，语言更具有模糊性，这使得英语文学作 品在翻译和阅读的时候难度更大。
1 文化差异对文学作品翻译的影响 中西方的文化差异在价值观、思维方式上存在较大的区别。英语 文学作品是西方文化思想的的体现，翻译不仅要和原文的意思相一 致，还要能将作品所反映的文化背景，思想表达用恰当的语言表达出 来，这就要求对中西文化之间的差异进行甄别。比如“个人主义”在 中西文化翻译中的差别， 在中国的文化中 “个人主义” 是一个贬义词， 与自私自利是同义词。因为在中国人传统的价值观里崇尚集体主义， 倡导顾全大局的思想。而在西方文化中“个人主义”是褒义词，是注 重个人价值，提倡奋斗精神的一种体现。
2 情感因素对文学作品翻译的影响 英语文学作品的翻译， 要深刻地理解作品中所传达的思想内容和 情感。文学作品在很大的程度上是一种情感的表达和升华，所以翻译 文学作品是要注意作品中所体现的感情基调和思想内涵。
英语翻译作 品中的优美语言和情节，对于阅读者的情感认知能有很大的提高，文 学作品为读者提供了各种替代性的情感经历， 读者在阅读和欣赏文学 作品时与作品中人物同呼吸共命运的情感经历，有助于培养情感智 力。所以译者在翻译的过程要特别把握这种情感因素。
3 审美能力对文学作品翻译的影响 文学作品翻译应当要达到和原著相同的审美水平， 文学作品所具 有的的审美效果能使读者产生身心愉悦的感觉。
翻译者在对英语文学 的理解和鉴赏的基础上，对原著所表现出来的文化进行再次的表达， 让读者能感受同原著一样的愉悦感。从这一层面上看，翻译是翻译者 与原著以美学为基础所进行的情感和思想交流活动。
文学作品本身是 一种注重审美的艺术表达方式， 这就需要翻译者具有一定的审美和鉴 赏能力，不仅能欣赏和把握文学作品中的美，而且还能通过形象地翻 译将这种美的体验传递给读者。
三、英语文学作品翻译的策略 1 准确处理原文和译文的文化差异 在对英语文学的翻译过程中 , 首先对作品中的文化背景进行分 析， 通过其于中文语境的对比找出差异所在， 对这些差异要深入理解， 使译文既符合原文的文化背景又贴合中文的阅读习惯。
还可以对原文
重新进行创作，英语文学作品本身即体现一定的思想和文化内涵，如 果仅从字面进行翻译，则会使原作品的意境丧失。但如果译者能在要 在理解原文基础上，添加本人的的主观创造性翻译，从作品的本身意 境和引申含义出发,使翻译之后的作品更加生动有趣 ,这样不仅能消 除文化差异带来的影响,还可以使作品能够保持英语原文的精髓。
2 深入体会文学作品的情感 翻译者首先要通过文学作品的阅读欣赏， 融入到原作品的情感之 中，也就是要入戏，进入角色然后在进行再创造的翻译工作。尤其是 英文的诗歌和散文，要带感情地阅读原著，从形象的语言描述中体会 诗歌的意境和画面，从作品的节奏中体会作者的心理路程的起伏，然 后再用合适的中文修辞表达出来， 这样的翻译作品才能使读者产生情 感上的共鸣。
译者通过阅读获得一定的情感体验和又通过翻译的这一 过程和原作者达到情感高度融合，最后又将这一融合传递给读者，这 样的过程才不会影响原著的情感性，这样的作品才能打动人。正如傅 雷在翻译《夏洛克外传》的卷首语中写道：
“夏洛克既然曾经予以我 真切的感动，一定亦会与以人同样的感动。
” 3 翻译时注重作品的美感 中西方在审美上存在巨大的差异， 在中国的美学文化里注重心境 意绪的表达，喜欢融情于景，借景抒怀，汉语的表达简隽空灵，工整 对偶。中西方的这种审美差异反应在翻译之中就是句式，修辞上的差 别。文学作品语言应当体现审美性，翻译文学的语言也应体现审美的 功能。审美的活动贯穿于翻译活动的整个过程，审美的活动包括美的
鉴定，美的判断，美的创造，美的享受等。在翻译的过程，翻译者要 充分发挥自己的主观能动性。在语言的转换过程中，对于如何实现原 文中的审美特点，要注意中西文化审美的差异，为了实现原文的审美 价值，在尊重原文的风格基础上，并不能完全忠实于译文，中文翻译 要符合中文的审美特点，译者要对译文进行一些补译，来弥补不同文 化之间的文化审美差异。
三、结语 文化翻译是一种文化间的交流活动， 翻译的过程中要从文学文化 差异、情感、美感出发，讲究一定的翻译策略，这样才能创作出既忠 于原著，又能打动读者的译品。
参考文献 [1] 张培基.英汉翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001:75. [2] 邓雪梅 . 论英语文学翻译过程中的主体性意识 [J]. 外国文学 . 芒,(425);155 [3] 李绍远.浅谈翻译中的误译[J].中国翻译,2007,(4):23. [4] 郭 建 柯 . 英 美 文 学 作 品 鉴 赏 [M]. 河 南 : 河 南 文 学 教 育 出 版 社,2006:136.
篇三：《背影》研究述评
英译中国现代散文选
现代散文诗歌篇一：
小桔灯
这是十几年以前的事了。
在一个春节前一天的下午，我到重庆郊外去看一位朋友。她住在那个乡村的乡 公所楼上。走上一段阴暗的仄仄的楼梯，进到一间有一张方桌和几张竹凳、墙上装 着一架电话的屋子，再进去就是我的朋友的房间，和外间只隔一幅布帘。她不在 家，窗前桌上留着一张条子，说是她临时有事出去，叫我等着她。
我在她桌前坐下，随手拿起一张报纸来看，忽然听见外屋板门吱地一声开了。
过了一会，又听见有人在挪动那竹凳子。我掀开帘子，看见一个小姑娘，只有八九 岁光景，瘦瘦的苍白的脸，冻得发紫的嘴唇，头发很短，穿一身很破旧的衣裤，光 脚穿一双草鞋，正在登上竹凳想去摘墙上的听话器，看见我似乎吃了一惊，把手缩 了回来。我问她：“你要打电话吗?”她一面爬下竹凳，一面点头说：“我要×× 医院，找胡大夫，我妈妈刚才吐了许多血!”我问：“你知道××医院的电话号码 吗?”她摇了摇头说：“我正想问电话局……”我赶紧从机旁的电话本子里找到医 院的号码，就又问她：“找到了大夫，我请他到谁家去呢?”她说：“你只要说王 春林家里病了，她就会来的。”
我把电话打通了，她感激地谢了我，回头就走。我拉住她问：“你的家远 吗?” 她指着窗外说：“就在山窝那棵大黄果树下面，一下子就走到的。”说着就 登登登地下楼去了。
我轻轻地扣着板门，发出清脆的"咚咚"声,刚才那个小姑娘出来开了门，抬头 看了我，先愣了一下，后来就微笑了，招手叫我进去。这屋子很小很黑，靠墙的板 铺上，她的妈妈闭着眼平躺着，大约是睡着了，被头上有斑斑的血痕，她的脸向里 侧着，只看见她脸上的乱发，和脑后的一个大髻。门边一个小炭炉，上面放着一个 小沙锅，微微地冒着热气。这小姑娘把炉前的小凳子让我坐了，她自己就蹲在我旁 边，不住地打量我。我轻轻地问：“大夫来过了吗?”她说：“来过了，给妈妈打 了一针……她现在很好。”
她又像安慰我似地说：“你放心，大夫明早还要来的。”我问：“她吃过东西 吗?这锅里是什么?”她笑说：“红薯稀饭，我们的年夜饭。”我想起了我带来的桔 子，就拿出来放在床边的小矮桌上。她没有作声，只伸手拿过一个最大的桔子来， 用小刀削去上面的一段皮，又用两只手把底下的一大半轻轻地揉捏着。
我低声问：“你家还有什么人?”她说：“现在没有什么人，我爸爸到外面去 了……”她没有说下去，只慢慢地从桔皮里掏出一瓤一瓤的桔瓣来，放在她妈妈的 枕头边。
小桔灯 炉火的微光，渐渐地暗了下去，外面更黑了。我站起来要走，她拉住 我，一面极其敏捷地拿过穿着麻线的大针，把那小桔碗四周相对地穿起来，像一个 小筐似的，用一根小竹棍挑着，又从窗台上拿了一段短短的洋蜡头，放在里面点起 来，递给我说：“天黑了，路滑，这盏小桔灯照你上山吧!”
我赞赏地接过，谢了她，她送我出到门外，我不知道说什么好，她又像安慰我 似地说：“不久，我爸爸一定会回来的。那时我妈妈就会好了,一定!”她用小手在 面前画一个圆圈，最后按到我的手上：“我们大家也都好了!”显然地，这“大 家”也包括我在内。泪水在我眼中打转……
我提着这灵巧的小桔灯，慢慢地在黑暗潮湿的山路上走着。这朦胧的桔红的 光，实在照不了多远，但这小姑娘的镇定、勇敢、乐观的精神鼓舞了我，我似乎觉 得眼前有无限光明!
我的朋友已经回来了，看见我提着小桔灯，便问我从哪里来。我说：“从…… 从王春林家来。”她惊异地说：“王春林，那个木匠，你怎么认得他?去年山下医 学院里，有几个学生，被当做共产党抓走了，以后王春林也失踪了，据说他常替那 些学生送信……”
当夜，我就离开那山村，再也没有听见那小姑娘和她母亲的消息。
但是从那时起，每逢春节，我就想起那盏小桔灯。十二年过去了，那小姑娘的 爸爸一定早回来了。她妈妈也一定好了吧?因为我们“大家”都“好”了!
写于 1957 年 1 月 3 日
现代散文诗歌篇二：
匆匆
燕子去了，有再来的时候;杨柳枯了，有再青的时候;桃花谢了，有再开的时 候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了 他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢?
我不知道他们给了我多少日子;但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着， 八千多日子已经从我手中溜去;像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的 流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着;去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢?早上我起来的时 候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫 然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去;吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗 里过去;默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时， 他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过， 从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但 是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢 了，只有匆匆罢了;在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如 轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了;我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像 游丝样的`痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸的回去罢?但不能平 的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊?
你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?
1922 年 3 月 28 日
现代散文篇三：
济南的冬天
对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮风，便觉得是奇迹;济南的冬 天是没有风声的。对于一个刚由伦敦回来的人，像我，冬天要能看得见日光，便觉 得是怪事;济南的冬天是响晴的。自然，在热带的地方，日光是永远那么毒，响亮 的天气，反有点叫人害怕。可是，在北中国的冬天，而能有温晴的天气，济南真得 算个宝地。
设若单单是有阳光，那也算不了出奇。请闭上眼睛想：一个老城，有山有水， 全在天底下晒着阳光，暖和安适地睡着，只等春风来把它们唤醒，这是不是个理想 的境界?小山整把济南围了个圈儿，只有北边缺着点口儿。这一圈小山在冬天特别 可爱，好像是把济南放在一个小摇篮里，它们安静不动地低声地说：“你们放心 吧，这儿准保暖和。”真的，济南的人们在冬天是面上含笑的。他们一看那些小 山，心中便觉得有了着落，有了依靠。他们由天上看到山上，便不知不觉地想起：
“明天也许就是春天了吧?这样的温暖，今天夜里山草也许就绿起来了吧?”就是这 点幻想不能一时实现，他们也并不着急，因为有这样慈善的冬天，干啥还希望别的 呢!
最妙的是下点小雪呀。看吧，山上的矮松越发的青黑，树尖上顶着一髻儿白 花，好像日本看护妇。山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。山坡上，有的地方雪厚 点，有的地方草色还露着;这样，一道儿白，一道儿暗黄，给山们穿上一件带水纹 的花衣;看着看着，这件花衣好像被风儿吹动，叫你希望看见一点更美的山的肌
肤。等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像忽然害了羞，微 微露出点粉色。就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气!
古老的济南，城里那么狭窄，城外又那么宽敞，山坡上卧着些小村庄，小村庄 的房顶上卧着点雪，对，这是张小水墨画，也许是唐代的名手画的吧。
那水呢，不但不结冰，倒反在绿萍上冒着点热气，水藻真绿，把终年贮蓄的绿 色全拿出来了。天儿越晴，水藻越绿，就凭这些绿的精神，水也不忍得冻上，况且 那些长枝的垂柳还要在水里照个影儿呢!看吧，由澄清的河水慢慢往上看吧，空 中，半空中，天上，自上而下全是那么清亮，那么蓝汪汪的，整个的是块空灵的蓝 水晶。这块水晶里，包着红屋顶，黄草山，像地毯上的小团花的灰色树影。
这就是冬天的济南。
现代诗歌篇一：
《春暖花开，面向大海》
海子
从明天起，做一个幸福的人
喂马，劈柴，周游世界
从明天起，关心粮食和蔬菜
篇四：《背影》研究述评
——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——
【摘要】
当前，随着我国当代文学作品在海外的广泛传播，让我国在国际文坛树立了良好形象，在增强国家软实力方面做出不菲贡献。通过中国当代文学作品与世界各国对话、交流，赢得了尊重与地位。因此，英语世界的中国当代文学翻译工作显得尤为重要，已成为保障我国强国策略的重要途径。但是从英语世界中国现当代文学翻译现状来看，还存在一些问题亟需改善，本文将对此进行探讨与分析。
【关键词】英语世界中国现当代文学翻译
当前我国已经将“走出去”作为传播文化的重要战略，而中国现当代文学翻译的水平则对文化传播成果产生重要影响，这一课题目前受到国内外出版界与学术界的广泛关注。以下将对英语世界中国现当代文学翻译的现状进行分析，并提出今后发展的优化对策。
一、翻译选材现状与对策
目前英语世界翻译的中国现当代文学作品有很多，题材范围宽广，但是普遍缺乏系统性，具体问题表现在以下几方面：首先，选择的作品大多受到作家所处学术地位的影响。例如，夏志清在《现代小说史》中表扬了张爱玲的文学作品具有艺术美感，所以张爱玲作品被广泛关注并大批量翻译，如《金锁记》、《色、戒》等均被翻译为英文版本，知名译者包括JulieLovell，KarenKingsbury等；再有，瑞典汉学家马悦然对我国山西作家李锐和曹乃谦的作品予以肯定，英国国家大量翻译他们的作品；其次，英美出版商大多关注我国被贴上“ ”标签的作品，忽视了我国文学作品的质量水平。虽然一些作品翻译成英文，但是没能体现出文学价值与艺术价值。再有，目前翻译的中国现当代文学作品以小说和诗歌为主，剧本翻译较少，究其原因很多外国读者阅读中国文学作品，主要目的是了解我国社会学著作，而真正关注我国文学的读者非常少。解决翻译选材的问题，应该从改进选题方式着手。中国现当代文学的翻译选题应该着眼于全球目光，体现当今主流价值观，如人性、权利、自由、环保、尊严等，这些能够引起全球读者兴趣的话题，更易产生共鸣。通过选择翻译作品，体现了我国的独特文化，也表现了我国融入世界文化的意识，因此选材要体现我国的民族精神、民族气派。
二、国际市场接受现状与对策
英语世界中国现当代文学翻译的水平将直接影响我国作品在世界的传播效果，而文学作品的销量则是的反馈。但是从调查结果来看，目前我国文学作品在国外的销售情况并不理想，尤其是美国、英国等发达国家的图书馆中鲜有中国现当代文学作品，分析原因主要为：首先，大多读者对亚洲国家尤其是中国的了解较少，对我国的研究有限，缺乏兴趣；更有一些西方专家学者对我国的文学作品存有偏见，往往以西方国家的眼光评判其他国家作品，认为我国文学作品的艺术性欠佳，缺乏美感；其次，我国本土作家也应针对作品翻译的现状从自身查找原因。过去，我国作家的创作受到的影响与制约，始终围绕“服务与”展开，而很多作家根本不懂外语，写作时过于随性，没有从国际发展角度选择写作题材，写作的内容不具备国际化视野，写作技巧与国际作品需求不相符，作品略显粗糙。再有，翻译不精准，缺乏专业的汉英译人才，也是阻碍我国现当代文学作品进入世界文学领域的重要原因；即使我国有很多优秀的现当代文学作品，但是无人有能力翻译，影响了翻译质量水平，不仅无法还原作品本意，还可能导致外国读者对我国文学作品产生误解和负面看法，例如，Eoyang认为一些译者在翻译中国现当代文学时类似于基督教中“说方言”的形式：“scholarlyglossolaliaoracademicspeakingintongues”，认为很多时候翻译并不是以交流为目的，而是单纯的直译。这是由于国外读者本身对我国的文化、、发展等不了解，他们只有通过文学作品认识中国，如果不能如实翻译作品内容，必将影响我国文学作品的水平。我国现当代文学作品走入世界，必须迎合海外读者的风格，适应国际文学作品的接受环境，这就需要针对国外文学环境、国外读者需求等进行深入分析。我国对西方文化的引入与翻译经过了多年历史，但是西方国家主动翻译我国文学作品却时间较短，由于文化基础薄弱，导致西方国家的读者难以接受我国的文学作品。尤其西方国家的普通读者对我国作品的认知度不足，仅能从浅层次了解我国文化发展，对我国文学作品的接受水平和接受程度偏低；过去，西方国家的作品为了迎合我国读者需要，将作品中的很多章节删减、修改，并将小说以章回体的形式表达，便于我国读者理解和接受。因此，我国现当代文学作品对外翻译也要考虑西方读者实际情况，不能过于贪婪，而是注重作品的质量。鉴于西方国家的读者对我国作品认识有限，可减少全译本的数量，适当推出改写本、节译本，循序渐进地过渡到全译本，则更利于国外读者的接受与认可。另外，我国文学作家也要提高国际发展意识，了解国外的文学研究水平、文学研究方向等，向国外输送更多专业的汉学家，了解国外对中国现当代文学作品的评价情况，加强与国外汉学界的合作，翻译出更多适合国外读者的译本作品。中国现当代文学走入世界文化领域，是全球一体化发展的必然趋势。中国现当代文学的翻译与对外传播，应秉持“润物细无声”的原则，综合考虑国际市场的文化传播倾向与需求，从选材、翻译、出版等多角度优化，与国际市场对话、交流，寻找适应中国现当代文学全面推广的渠道，将对我国实现文化传播目标起到积极作用。
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